Endometriosis | E and CPP IWK Health

Understanding Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic condition that occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus is found outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, surface of the uterus, or surrounding tissues. Endometriosis affects 1 in 10 women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years).

Endometriosis symptoms vary widely, but pelvic pain is most common. Other symptoms may include pain with bowel movements, urination, or intercourse, as well as infertility.

Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, and imaging such as ultrasound, and may involve an external abdominal and internal pelvic exam to identify tender areas. In some cases, surgery is required to confirm the diagnosis.

While there is currently no cure for endometriosis, many people can significantly improve their quality of life and lead healthy, active lives. Treatments focus on reducing pain, supporting fertility, or both—depending on each individual’s goals. The E&CPP Program offers a range of effective options, and care plans are tailored to the unique needs and circumstances of each patient.

Treatment & Management*

Lifestyle Changes

Medication

Surgical Treatment

Lifestyle strategies such as balanced nutrition and regular gentle movement can help ease symptoms of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Anti-inflammatory foods—like those rich in Omega-3 fatty acids (fish, legumes, nuts, seeds, and avocados)—may help moderate inflammation and discomfort; while limiting processed foods, red meat, fats, and refined sugars can support overall health. Gentle exercise, including walking, stretching, and yoga, can reduce pain, improve mobility, strengthen muscles, and decrease fatigue and inflammation. Regular movement also helps lower pain sensitivity over time.

The first line of treatment is typically using medications that can be taken by mouth. These medications may target the menstrual cycle and/or the perception of pain. These may include hormones to suppress menstruation and/or chronic pain modulators.

Discussions around surgical treatment must be individualized to the patient and their specific goals. Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis is a surgery performed through small incisions on the abdomen with a goal of treating or removing the endometriosis, however, pain symptoms may not resolve entirely, and pain may recur in the long-term. Endometriosis is a hormonally-driven disease that responds to hormones released by the ovaries during a normal menstrual cycle. In some situations, a discussion around removing the ovaries or uterus may be important.

*Disclaimer: This information does not substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a medical professional if you have questions about your medical condition or treatment.

Resources

Explore a collection of reliable resources to help deepen understanding and support the management of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain—for patients, families, and providers.