Understanding
Chronic Pelvic Pain
Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is pain that occurs on most days for at least six months. When the nervous system remains in a heightened state of alert after the original cause has resolved, it can lead to central sensitization, where normal movements become painful. This can occur anywhere in the body, including the pelvis.
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CPP can be felt in the uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, vulva, bladder, bowel, hips, or lower back. It often includes physical symptoms (pain, fatigue, poor sleep, appetite or libido changes), psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression), and shifts in daily functioning or relationships.
Diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination, and investigations to identify contributing factors.
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Pelvic pain care often begins with self-management strategies like physiotherapy, psychological support, and lifestyle changes, even before accessing specialized care. Medical treatments can be added—such as hormones, medications, or anesthesiology interventional procedures—to further support pain relief.​​
Treatment & Management*
Pain Self-Management Program (PSMP)
Physiotherapy
Relaxation & Mindfulness
Comfort Measures
Pain self-management involves learning practical skills and strategies that help individuals reduce the impact of chronic pain and improve daily functioning. These approaches can include pacing, movement, relaxation techniques, sleep strategies, and identifying helpful routines.
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Supports building confidence in managing long-term pain
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Encourages active participation in recovery and well-being
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Complements medical and non-medical treatments
Nova Scotia Health offers the Pain Self-Management Program (PSMP), a group-based educational program that teaches these skills to people living with chronic pain.
Physiotherapy can be an effective early strategy for managing pelvic pain, even before attending the E&CPP Program.
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Pelvic floor physiotherapy is offered by specialized physiotherapists and can help reduce pain and improve function.
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No referral is required to see a physiotherapist in Nova Scotia.
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A directory of physiotherapists with pelvic health training is available on the Nova Scotia Physiotherapy Association website.
Mindfulness and relaxation practices can help support coping and reduce the emotional impact of chronic pelvic pain.
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Techniques such as meditation and deep breathing can ease stress, worry, and negative thoughts related to pain.
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Mental health providers can offer mindfulness-based approaches, and in Nova Scotia no referral is required to access private psychological services.
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Free resources, including mobile apps and online videos, make it easy to practice mindfulness at home.
Simple comfort strategies can help relax muscles, reduce tension, and ease pelvic pain.
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Warmth, such as heating pads, warm compresses, or warm baths, can increase blood flow and reduce discomfort (keep temperatures safe and comfortable).
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Positioning for comfort, such as lying with a pillow under the knees or using supportive cushions, can reduce pressure on the pelvis.
*Disclaimer: This information does not substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a medical professional if you have questions about your medical condition or treatment.
Resources
Explore a collection of reliable resources to help deepen understanding and support the management of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain—for patients, families, and providers.
Tel: 902-470-7473